On September 2, 2020, six Portuguese youth filed a complaint with the European Court of Human Rights against 33 countries. The complaint alleges that the respondents have violated human rights by failing to take sufficient action on climate change, and seeks an order requiring them to take more ambitious action.
The complaint relies on Articles 2, 8, and 14 of the European Convention on Human Rights, which protect the right to life, right to privacy, and right to not experience discrimination. The complainants claim that their right to life is threatened by the effects of climate change in Portugal such as forest fires; that their right to privacy includes their physical and mental wellbeing, which is threatened by heatwaves that force them to spend more time indoors; and that as young people, they stand to experience the worst effects of climate change.
The case is brought against the Member States of the EU (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Germany, Greece, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Croatia, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Latvia, Malta, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain and Sweden) as well as Norway, Russia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine and the United Kingdom. The complainants allege that the respondents have fallen short of their human rights obligations by failing to agree to emissions reductions that will keep temperature rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius, as envisioned by the Paris Agreement.
On November 30, 2020, The European Court of Human Rights fast-tracked and communicated the case to 33 defendant countries, requiring them to respond by the end of February 2021. According to the Global Legal Action Network (GLAN), who are supporting the case, only a tiny minority of cases before the Court are fast-tracked and communicated.
On February 4, 2021, the Court rejected a motion by the defendant governments asking the Court to overturn its fast-tracking decision. The governments had asked the court to overturn priority treatment of the case and to hear arguments only on the admissibility of the case. The Court sent a letter to the parties rejecting these motions and gave the defendants until May 27, 2021 to submit a defense on both admissibility and the merits of the case.
Case Documents:
| Filing Date | Type | File | Summary |
|---|---|---|---|
| 09/02/2020 | Complaint | Download | No summary available. |
| 11/30/2020 | Not Available | Download | Court communication of case to defendant countries (in French) |
| 11/30/2020 | Not Available | Download | Unofficial English translation of Court communication |
| 02/04/2021 | Decision | Download | Rejecting a motion by the defendants asking the Court to overturn its fast-tracking decision (in French) |
| 04/29/2021 | Not Available | Download | Amicus Brief by All Youth and Tampere University |
| 05/04/2021 | Not Available | Download | Amicus Brief by UN Special Rapporteurs |
| 05/05/2021 | Not Available | Download | Intervention by Save the Children |
| 05/05/2021 | Not Available | Download | Amicus Brief by the European Commissioner for Human Rights |
| 05/06/2021 | Not Available | Download | Amicus Brief by Amnesty International and others |
| 05/06/2021 | Not Available | Download | Amicus Brief by CIEL, Greenpeace, and Union of Concerned Scientists |
| 05/06/2021 | Not Available | Download | Amicus Brief by Climate Action Network Europe |
| 05/06/2021 | Not Available | Download | Amicus Brief by ESCR-Net and others |